Investment Casting Defects: Chii Chinogona Kushata, Sei, uye Maitiro Anowanikwa Vanodzivirira

Yese yekukanda simbi inyaya yesimbi yemvura inotonhora kuita chimiro chakasimba, uye senge chero nyaya, inogona kuenda kure-script. Porosity, shrinkage, inclusions, kuvharwa kwechando - mazwi aya anoonekwa pamishumo yekutanga uye muhurukuro dzeRFQ, uye anotakura mutengo chaiwo kana achinge aonekwa muzvikamu zvako. Ichi chinyorwa chinongedzo chemutauro wakajeka kune hurema hwakakosha mukudyara kwekudyara: chii chinokonzeresa chimwe nechimwe, kuti anoonekwa sei, uye - zvakanyanya kukosha - izvo zvinoitwa nemhando yekutanga kuvadzivirira kuti vasasvike kwauri.

Kutanga, Mashoko Akanaka

Investment casting ndiyo yakanyanya kukanganisa-inoshivirira maitiro eiyo yakaoma geometry nekuti inodzora rwendo rwesimbi zvirinani pane dzimwe nzira. Iyo wakisi pateni inopa mhango chaiyo, goko receramic rinopa mold yakachena, uye muvambi unogona kudyisa simbi inoomesa nenzira inodzorwa. Mhedzisiro: mareti akaremara pamitsetse yesilica sol inofambiswa zvakanaka yakadzikira, uye zvikamu zvinoda kudzvanywa, kusaneta kana kuchena zvinogara zvichigadzirwa nenzira iyi. Kukanganisa hakudzivisike - iko kutadza kwemaitiro, uye yakanaka process engineering inovadzivirira.

Shrinkage Porosity: Chinonyanya Kusanzwisiswa Chikanganiso

Sezvo simbi yemvura inotonhora kuita yakasimba, inoderera - simbi ne 2-3% nehuwandu. Kana iyo shrinkage isingabhadharwe nekuwedzera mvura yesimbi kudyisa munzvimbo inotonhora, chikamu chinopera nemukati voids: shrinkage porosity. Ichi ndicho chinokanganisa vatengi vanonetsekana nacho zvakanyanya, uye nechikonzero chakanaka: chiri chemukati, chisingaoneki kubva kunze, uye chinogona kugara chaipo pausingade - pasi pechisimbiso chepamusoro, mune mukobvu mukuru, panguva yekushushikana.

Nei zvichiitika: kusimba kunotanga pamadziro eforoma uye kunofambira mberi mukati. Matunhu ekupedzisira kuomesa - zvikamu zvakakora, "nzvimbo dzinopisa" - ndiyo yekupedzisira kugamuchira simbi yekudyisa. Kana iyo dhizaini isati yagadzira kukanda nekudya kwakakwana (kusimuka/kudyisa) uye gedhi, nzvimbo dzine nzara dzinodhonza voids.

Maitiro ekutangisa emhando inodzivirira sei:

• Kudyisa dhizaini simulation - yemazuva ano madhizaini anomhanyisa simulation yekusimbisa (semuenzaniso, MAGMA kana yakaenzana) pane yega yega chikamu chitsva pamberi pekudururwa kwekutanga, zvichiratidza panopisa nzvimbo dzichaumba uye kuyera mafeeder kuti adzorere.
• Riser kuiswa uye saizi - mafidhi akaiswa pazvikamu zvinorema, zvakakura kuti zvigare mvura kusvika kukanda kwaoma, zvobva zvabviswa mumashure-kugadzirisa.
• Kutonhora - kutonhora kwemukati kunowedzera kusimba muzvikamu zvinorema, kukwevera nzvimbo ye shrinkage kwainogona kudyiswa.
• Alloy-aware gating - alloy imwe neimwe inodonha zvakasiyana; gating masisitimu akagadzirwa pagiredhi

Maonero azvinoitwa: X-ray (RT) uye ultrasonic (UT) ongororo pazvikamu zvemuenzaniso, uyezve - yekukandwa kwakakosha - kukamurwa uye kudhirowa kwezvinyorwa zvekutanga kuona kunzwika kwemukati kusati kwatanga.

Gasi Porosity: Dambudziko reBubble

Gasi porosity inokonzerwa negasi rakavharirwa musimbi - yakanyungudutswa magasi (kunyanya haidrojeni musimbi), magasi eforoma, kana mweya wakavharirwa panguva yekudira. Sezvo simbi inotonhora, gasi rakanyunguduka rinobuda mumushonga uye rinogadzira maturu akatenderera. Kusiyana neragged, angular voids ye shrinkage, gasi pores akatenderera uye anowanzo kugoverwa kuburikidza nechikamu.

Sei zvichiitika: mvura kana tsvina yekuchaja, tembiricha yekudira, goko rakanyorova kana zvinhu zvepakati, kusabuda zvakanaka kwegomba re mold, kana kudururwa kunosveta mweya murukova.

Maitiro ekutangisa emhando inodzivirira sei:

• Yakachena, yakaoma kuchaja zvinhu uye inodzorwa kunyunguduka maitiro (deoxidation yesimbi)
• Shell kupfura kunobvisa hunyoro hwese kubva mu ceramic isati yadururwa
• Kudururwa kunodzorwa - kuyerera kwelaminar, tembiricha chaiyo, uye kumhanya kwekudira kunofananidzwa negoko
• Vent dhizaini - saka mweya wakadzingwa mugomba unopukunyuka pane kubatwa

Maonerwo azvinoitwa: X-ray kuongororwa; pamusoro pegasi porosity inogona kuratidza semakomba madiki mushure mekuputika, ndosaka yakanaka foundry ichiongorora zvinyorwa zvekutanga uye kugona kwekuita, kwete zvikamu zvekupedzisira.

Inclusions: Miviri Yekune dzimwe nyika muSimbi

Inclusions isiri-metallic particles - slag, refractory, mold material, oxides - yakavharirwa mukukanda. Ndiwo hurema hunowanzo konzeresa "kudonha" kukundikana pane zvinomanikidza zvikamu uye machining zvinoshamisa apo mucheki anorova yakaoma ceramic particle.

Sei zvichiitika: tsvina yakanyunguduka (slag inotakurwa kubva muchoto), yakanyungudutswa goko rinowira mugomba, kana mafirimu eoxide anoumbwa panguva yekudururwa kwemhirizhonga.

Maitiro ekutangisa emhando inodzivirira sei:

• Slag control - ladle dhizaini, kudonha isati yadirwa, uye kudira masisitimu anoteya slag isati yasvika pagomba (kugezera nemasefa - ceramic foam mafirita akajairika pamitsara yemhando)
• Shell kutendeseka - akasimba, akanyatsobatanidzwa mateko asingatsemuke; kudzorwa kunyura nekupfura
• Yakachena yekudurura tsika - kudzora tembiricha, kushoma mhirizhonga, uye mafirita panzvimbo dzakaoma
• Ceramic furo mafirita mune gating system inobata zvinosanganisirwa vasati vapinda mukukanda - iyo imwechete inoshanda kwazvo kubatanidza kudzivirira.

Maonerwo azvinoitwa: X-ray yemukati inosanganisirwa, magineti particle (MT) kune ari pedyo-pamusoro peayo, uye yekuona yekutarisa nzvimbo dzakagadzirwa nemichina.

Cold Shuts uye Misruns: The Flow Matambudziko

Kuvharwa kwechando kunoitika kana hova mbiri dzesimbi dzichisangana asi dzichitadza kusanganisa zvachose - mutsara unooneka kana usingaonekwe, kazhinji kumucheto kwechikamu chitete. Misruns haina kukwana kuzadza, uko simbi haina kungosvika pachikamu che mold. Ose ari maviri ane hukama-kuyerera uye ese ari maviri anoratidza kazhinji pane dzakatetepa-madziro castings.

Chikonzero nei zvichiitika: simbi yakadirwa ichitonhora zvakanyanya, goko rakanyanya kutonhora, zvikamu zvitete zvinoomesa nechando zvisati zvazadzwa, kana mhepo isina kukwana inomanikidza simbi kumashure.

Magadzirirwo emhando yemazita ekudzivirira: chaiyo yekudurura tembiricha yekudzora pane imwe alloy, preheated mateko painodiwa, kwakaringana ganda permeability, gating rakagadzirirwa kuzadza zvikamu zvitete kutanga, uye kuiswa kwemhepo kudzivirira kumashure-kudzvanywa. Simulation inoratidza kuzadza mapatani kusati kwadirwa kwekutanga.

Maonero azvinoitwa: kuongorora kwekuona uye kupinza (PT) kuyedza panzvimbo dzinofungidzirwa; matete-madziro zvikamu zvinoongororwa pakukanda dhizaini ongororo.

Kubvarura Kupisa: Kutsemuka Under Stress

Misodzi inopisa mitswe inoumba panguva yekusimba, apo iyo semi-yakasimba kukanda ichiri isina simba uye inosimbiswa ne shrinkage - kazhinji pachikamu chekuchinja, makona akapinza, kana uko goko rinoramba kubvongodzwa.

Chikonzero nei zvichiitika: kona inopinza inotarisa kushungurudza; goko rakasimba zvakanyanya kana kuti rakanyanya kuomarara rinobata kukanda kuchipikisa kuunyana kwaro; chisanganiswa chinopisa-chipfupi (chisina simba pakupisa kwakanyanya) chinobvarura nyore nyore.

Maitiro ekutangisa emhando yekudzivirira: mafiritsi ane rupo panzvimbo yemakona akapinza (mutemo wedhizaini watinoshandisa pakudhirowa wongororo), magoko akagadzirwa kuti adonhe zvishoma panguva yekutonhora, uye alloy sarudzo inoyera simba rinopisa. Simulation inofanotaura njodzi yekubvarura uye iyo inowanikwa inogadzirisa pateni uye goko zvinoenderana.

Iyo Foundry's Defect-Prevention System

Kudzivirirwa harisi rombo rakanaka - ihurongwa, uye ndiwo mutsauko mukuru pakati peanopa anokanda uye mudiwa wekukanda. Iyo sisitimu inoshanda ine zvikamu zvina:

1. Simulation-yekutanga engineering. Solidification uye kuzadza simulation pane yega yega chikamu chitsva chisati chatemwa tooling. Iyi ndiyo yakachipa yekudzivirira kuremara iripo - dambudziko rakabatwa mukuenzanisa rinodhura awa; dambudziko rimwe chete mukugadzira rinodhura batch yakarasika.
2. Kutanga-chinyorwa kuparadzwa uye NDE. Yekutanga kugadzirwa castings ndeye X-rayed, zvikamu, uye metallographically kuongororwa. Apa ndipo panoratidzwa kunzwika kwemukati - chimbo chisati chaburitswa kuti chiite nhevedzano.
3. Statistical process control mukugadzira. Maparamita anotyaira hurema - tembiricha yekudurura, ganda remhando, melt chemistry - inoyerwa uye inodzorwa kune miganhu, kwete "kungotariswa."
4. In-process yekuongorora magedhi. RT / UT pane zvikamu zvemuenzaniso pane zvakatsanangurwa frequencies, MT / PT panzvimbo dzakaoma, uye dimensional CMM cheki - saka dhift inobatwa mumaawa, kwete mushure mekutumira.

KuNingbo Ruican, iyi ndiyo chaiyo system yedu IATF 16949 certification inoda uye kuti yedu 17+ makore ekukanda ruzivo yakanatswa. Kana kudhirowa kwemutengi kuine njodzi yejometri - mukuru anorema padivi pemadziro akatetepa, kona yakapinza yemukati, bvunzo inodiwa yekumanikidza - timu yedu yeinjiniya inoiratidza pakotesheni, kwete mushure mekutanga yakaipa batch.

Izvo Vatengi Vanofanira Kubvunza Yavo Foundry

Mhinduro yeakawana kumibvunzo iyi inokuudza zvakanyanya kupfuura chero bhurocha:

1. "Unomhanyisa simulation yekusimbisa pane yega yega chikamu chitsva?" - Kana mhinduro iri "yezvikamu zvakaoma chete," bvunza kuti ndezvipi zvikamu zvinotsikwa uye nei.
2. "Chii chekutanga-chinyorwa chekuongorora chirongwa chako?" - Ivo vane X-ray uye chikamu chekutanga zvinyorwa, kana kungotarisa zviyero?
3. "Masefa munoisa papi pagedhi renyu?" - Ceramic mafirita pamhando mitsetse yakajairika; "hatizvishandise" chiratidzo chekunyevera.
4. "Ndeipi mibairo yako ine chekuita nekuremara pazvikamu zvakafanana?" - Nhamba chaiyo, kunyangwe isiri zero, ndiyo mhinduro yaunoda.
5. "Chii chawachinja mushure mechiitiko chako chekupedzisira chirema?" -Kuenderera mberi kwekuvandudza tsika kunoratidza mumhinduro dzakasimba.

The Bottom Line

Kukanganisa kwekukanda hakusi kwechienzi. Imwe neimwe yadzo - shrinkage, gasi porosity, inclusions, inotonhora inovhara, inopisa misodzi - ine chikonzero mukugadzirisa maitiro, uye yega yega inogona kudzivirirwa neinjiniya. Iwo ekutanga anodzivirira hurema nguva dzose ndiwo ane simba rekufananidza, yekutanga-chinyorwa verification chirango, SPC mukugadzira, uye yemhando hurongwa inoita kuti kudzivirira kuve kwekumanikidza pane kusarudza.

Ningbo Ruican inogadzira matura ekudyara mu kabhoni simbi, alloy simbi, simbi isina tsvina uye ductile iron, ine-mumba CNC machining, NDE kugona, uye IATF 16949 yakasimbiswa kunaka manejimendi. Kana iwe uine chikamu chine chekuita nekunzwika kwemukati - muviri wevharuvhu, pombi inofambisa, bhuraketi rechimiro - titumire iyo dhizaini uye tikuratidze nzira yedu yekudzivirira ichiita.

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